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Lagidium ahuacaense
''Lagidium ahuacaense'' is a rodent in the mountain viscacha genus (''Lagidium'') that occurs in southern Ecuador. First observed in 2005 and formally described in 2009, it occurs more than north of the nearest previously known population of mountain viscachas in central Peru. Only a single population is known, found on rocky habitats on Cerro El Ahuaca, an isolated granite mountain in southern Ecuador, and there may be as little as a few dozen individuals. The species is threatened by fires and grazing cattle, and the discoverers recommended its conservation status be assessed as "Critically Endangered".
==Taxonomy==
''Lagidium ahuacaense'' was first observed in July 2005, when the only known population was encountered at Cerro El Ahuaca, Ecuador,〔Werner et al., 2006, p. 273〕 over north of the northernmost previously known population of mountain viscachas (''Lagidium'') in central Peru.〔Ledesma et al., 2009, p. 42〕 The find was published in a 2006 note by Florian Werner, Karim Ledesma, and Rodrigo Hidalgo, who provisionally identified the population as representing the Peruvian species ''Lagidium peruanum'', but did not discount the possibility that it might represent a distinct species.〔 Three years later, Ledesma, Werner, Ángel Spotorno, and Luis Albuja described the population as a new species, ''Lagidium ahuacaense'', on the basis of morphological and DNA sequence differences.〔Ledesma et al., 2009, p. 41〕 The specific name, ''ahuacaense'', refers to Cerro de Ahuaca. They suggested the English common name of "Ecuadorean mountain viscacha".〔Ledesma et al., 2009, p. 47〕
''Lagidium ahuacaense'' was the fourth species of the genus ''Lagidium'' to be described, after ''L. peruanum'', ''L. viscacia'', and ''L. wolffsohni'' of the central and southern Andes, although more species may eventually be recognized within ''L. peruanum'' and ''L. viscacia'' and ''L. wolffsohni'' is poorly differentiated from ''L. viscacia''.〔Ledesma et al., 2009, p. 52〕 Together with the plains viscacha (''Lagostomus maximus'') and the chinchillas (''Chinchilla''), ''Lagidium'' forms the Chinchillidae family of rodents.〔 Within ''Lagidium'', ''L. ahuacaense'' differs by at least 7.9% from all other species in DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome ''b'' gene. A cladistic analysis placed the Ecuadorian species as the sister group to all other ''Lagidium'', but support for this placement was not strong. Morphometric analysis also confirmed the Ecuadorian population is different from other ''Lagidium'' species.〔Ledesma et al., 2009, p. 45〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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